Synthesis and performance evaluation of zeolitic imidazolate metal-organic framework hybrid nanocomposite based on carbon nanotubes for determination of diclofenac in food and biological samples

Abstract

Diclofenac is a lipophilic, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) frequently used to treat pain in musculoskeletal injuries, rheumatoid and osteoarthritis ]1[. Diclofenac is considered a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetize enzyme and may lead to heart attack and stroke, changes in renal function, agranulocytosis and gastrointestinal disorders]2[. Therefore, it is necessary to utilize a sensitive and reliable method to the determination and quantification of diclofenac in food and biological samples is of particular importance in order to investigate and prevent the side effects of this analyte and the risks caused by its high dose. In this research, dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (Dμ-SPE) method based on zeolite imidazolate framework nanoadsorbent and its hybrid nanocomposite based on carbon nano tubes as an accurate and efficient method for the extraction and preconcentration and determination of diclofenac in biological samples and water was used. In this work, Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes/ zeolite imidazolate framework (SWCNT/ZIF-8) adsorbent was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectrophotometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). Four parameters of pH, salt addition, adsorbent dose and sonication time were selected as effective factors on the process and optimized by central composite design (CCD) ]3[. Under optimal conditions of linear dynamic range, detection limit and the relative standard deviation (R.S.D) were obtained 15-700 ng mL-1 , 8.91 ng mL-1 and 4.63% respectively. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for preconcentration and determination of diclofenac in biological samples of human urine and diclofenac tablets and water samples.