Scapular Stabilization Versus Elbow Strengthening in Athletes with Lateral Epicondylitis

Abstract

Introduction: Lateral elbow tendinopathy is not merely a localized elbow condition and is often associated with proximal movement impairments, such as scapular dyskinesis, which may contribute to persistent pain and functional limitations in racket-sport athletes. This study aimed to compare the effects of scapular stabilization and elbow strengthening exercises on pain, disability, and functional performance in racket-sport athletes with lateral elbow tendinopathy accompanied by scapular dyskinesis. Materials and Methods: In this single-blind randomized controlled trial with a pre-test–post-test control group design, 49 racket sport athletes aged 18–25 years and diagnosed with lateral elbow tendinopathy and scapular dyskinesis were randomly assigned to elbow strengthening exercises, combined training (elbow strengthening plus scapular stabilization), or a control group. Interventions were conducted over eight weeks, three sessions per week. Outcome measures included pain intensity, upper-limb disability, muscle strength, dynamic balance (YBT), upper-limb power, and functional movement performance. Results: Both intervention groups showed reductions in pain and disability and improvements in functional performance, with greater and clinically meaningful improvements observed in the combined training group. Conclusion: Incorporating scapular stabilization exercises into elbow strengthening programs leads to superior clinical and functional outcomes and supports a kinetic chain–based rehabilitation approach for racket sport athletes with lateral elbow tendinopathy.