Electrochemical determination of propranolol, using modified carbon paste electrode

چکیده مقاله

Propranolol is commercially employed in the form of hydrochloride and has also been suggested for use in a number of other conditions including dysfunctional labor and anxiety [1]. Several techniques for the analytical determination have been reported in the literature fordrugs determination which includes chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, spectrophotometry and conductometry. However, these techniques have the insufficiency of being expensive, laborious and require pre-treatment or multi-solvent extraction of samples. Electrochemical techniques have attracted considerable interest due to the good simplicity, sensitivity, selectivity, stability and often do not require any pre-treatments or pre-separation. Modifier such as nanoparticles, polymers, carbon ionic liquid, carbon-ceramic and carbon nanotubes could enhance the transfer rate of the electron and reduce the over-potential for the oxidation of substrates [2].Choosing the most convenient modifier for each analyteUsing chemically modified electrodes (CMEs) have some benefits such as decrease of the potential required for the electrochemical reaction to occur and enhance is very important in CMEs utilization in speciation work, due to effect of modifier characteristics on the sensitivity and selectivity of the electroanalytical response. Carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) are widely used for the electrochemical determinations of a various biological and pharmaceutical species due to their low residual current and noise, ease of fabrication, wide anodic and cathodic potential ranges, rapid surface renewal, and low cost [3]. Carbon paste electrode was modified with magnetic modified chitosan (Fe3O4/Al2O3/Chitosan) and square wave voltammetry was applied as the detection technique after opencircuit sorption of propranolol. Optimized conditionswere (amount of modifier 10% and time of exposure electrode 10 min and pH=7). The figures of merit of proposed sensor and the other sensors were reported in table. As shown in the table, the response of proposed sensor under the optimized conditions was acceptable. The sensor was successfully applied to the trace determination of propranolol in spiked samples.