Eco-friendly and affordable trace quantification of riboflavin in biological and food samples using a supramolecular solvent based liquid-liquid microextraction

Abstract

Reduction of organic solvent usage has been the preliminary force impressive the development of safer, and more environmentally friendly techniques. The present work applied a green supramolecular solvent-based liquid–liquid microextraction (Ss-LLME) method for preconcentration and quantification of riboflavin (RB) spectrofluorimetrically. The outstanding physicochemical properties of supramolecular solvents (Ss) make them very noteworthy in replacing the organic solvents in LLME. The recommended method was based using 1-decanol/THF as supramolecular solvent phase and the riboflavin extracted into the supramolecular solvent phase, and finally, the extraction recovery (%ER) was calculated. The impact of main variables in the extraction procedure, including pH, ultrasonic mixing time, the volume of 1-decanol, and THF, were examined and optimized by central composite design (CCD). Under the selected conditions, linear range, detection limit, and extraction repeatability (the relative standard deviation) were 5–700, 1.35 ng mL1 , and 4.3% (n = 4). The optimized method was successfully applied to determine RB in urine, soft drink, and milk powder samples as biological and food samples with recoveries between 86.7% and 101.5%. This study prospects the efficacy of the eco-friendly Ss-LLME method to enrichment and quantifies trace amounts of riboflavin in complicated matrixes.