Ferrofluid-based on Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) Nanoparticles as Green Materials for Detection Trace‑level of Uric Acid in The Human Urine Sample

چکیده مقاله

This study was conducted to develop liquid-phase microextraction approach using ferrofluid based on cobalt ferrite nanoparticles coupled with UV–Vis spectrophotometry (LPME-FF-UV-Vis) as a simple, green, inexpensive, available and high efficiency method for separation/pre-concentration and determination trace‑level of uric acid (UA) in biological samples. First, CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Based on preliminary studies and experiments, four parameters including pH, ferrofluid volume, temperature and ultrasonic time were selected as influential variables and optimized by central composite design (CCD). Under optimal conditions the calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 0.42–238 μM and the limit of detection was obtained 0.12 μM. Also, the relative standard deviation for the repeatability and reproducibility were 2.1% and 3.0 %, respectively. Finally, the efficiency of LPME-FF-UV-Vis method was investigated for the detection and trace quantification of UA in human urine samples and validated via the analysis of the selected real samples by the high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) as a reference method. The relative recovery percentages above 94 % for determination of UA confirmed the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.