Development of a contaminant concentration transport model for sulfate‑contaminated areas

Abstract

Groundwater pollution is one of the most important challenges for human. In many parts of the world, groundwater is used for agriculture and even drinking, whereas natural and human-made groundwater contaminants have also afected the quality of these waters. Therefore, monitoring and evaluating the quantity and quality of groundwater is very important. In this research, the efciency of fnite element method (FEM) for groundwater fow and Sulfate concentration transport modeling has been investigated for a 7-year period. After fnite element validation analysis, this method was employed in a hypothetical and real-case aquifer with regularly distributed nodes and square elements 200 m ×200 m. The mean error and root mean square error (RMSE) as performance criteria were used to evaluate the performance of the model. The results indicated that the FEM model with RMSE=1.06 (m) and 1.44 (me/lit) has good skills in groundwater fow and contaminant transport modeling, respectively. Also, the results of the FEM model indicated that in the northeast of the aquifer, the groundwater level is low and the amount of Sulfate is high (higher than the standard values recommended by) which is also confrmed by real data.