Advances in multi-source data fusion for precipitation estimation: remote sensing and machine learning perspectives

چکیده مقاله

Abbreviations: ADASYN, Adaptive Synthetic Sampling; AI, Artificial Intelligence; ANNs, Artificial Neural Networks; APHRODITE, Asian Precipitation – Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation; ASCAT, Advanced Scatterometer; Bi-LSTM, Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory; CC, Correlation Coefficient; cGANs, Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks; CHIRPSv2, Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data v2; CML, Commercial Microwave Link; CMORPH, Climate Prediction Center morphing method; CNN, Convolutional Neural Network; CRU, Climatic Research Unit; CSI, Critical Success Index; CS-RADT, Convective/Stratiform Rain Area Delineation Technique; CubeSats, Cube Satellites; DEM, Digital Elevation Model; DML-TPP, Double Machine Learning Strategy for Precipitation Prediction; DNNs, Deep Neural Networks; DT, Decision Trees; ECST, Enhanced Convective Stratiform Technique; ELM, Extreme Learning Machine; EnKF, Ensemble Kalman Filter; ERTC, Extremely Randomized Tree Classifiers; FAR, False Alarm Rate; FFNN, Feed-Forward Neural Network; FSS, Fractional Skill Score; FY-3D, Fengyun-3D; FY-4B, Fengyun-4B; GA-BP, Genetic Algorithm – Back Propagation; GB, Gradient Boosting; GBRT, Gradient Boosting Regression Trees; GCMs, Global Circulation Models; GMZ, Geographically Weighted Zoning; GOES-16, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-16; GPCC, Global Precipitation Climatology Centre; GPI, Geostationary Precipitation Index; GPM, Global Precipitation Measurement; GPM-DPR, GPM Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar; GPM-GMI, GPM Microwave Imager; GSMaP, Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation; HEM, Hydro-estimator; HPEC, Hybrid Precipitation Estimation Classifier; IDW, Inverse Distance Weighting; IMD, India Meteorological Department; IMERG, Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM; IMERG-E, IMERG Early product; IMERG-L, IMERG Late Run; IMERGF, IMERG Final Run; IMSRA, Integrated Multi-Satellite Rainfall Analysis; Kalpana-IR, Kalpana Infrared; KGE, Kling- Gupta Efficiency; L-CAM, Local CAMELS datasets; LEO, Low-Earth Orbit; LightGBM, Light Gradient Boosting Machine; LST, Land Surface Temperature; LSTM, Long Short-Term Memory; MAD, Mean Absolute Deviation; MAE, Mean Absolute Error; MATSIRO, Minimal Advance Treatments of Surface Interaction and Runoff; MGPI, Modified Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite Precipitation Index; ML, Machine Learning; MLP, Multi-Layer Perceptron; MLPNNs, Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Networks; MMultic, multi classifiers model; MODIS, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer; MSE, Mean Squared Error; MSG, Meteosat Second Generation; MTCF, Multi-Task Collaboration Framework; MTSAT, MTSAT; MWHTS, Microwave Humidity and Temperature Sounder; MWRI, Microwave Radiation Imager; NCRMSE, Normalized Centered Root Mean Square Error; NDVI, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; NN, Neural Network; NSE, Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency; OELs, Oblique Earth-Space Links; OK, Ordinary Kriging; PBIAS, Percent Bias; PCA, Principal Component Analysis; PDPs, Partial Dependence Plots; PERSIANN-CCS, PERSIANN–Cloud Classification System; PERSIANN-CDR, Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks – Climate Data Record; PINNs, Physics-Informed Neural Networks; POD, Probability of Detection; PRISMA, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses; R2, Coefficient of Determination (R-squared); RS, Remote Sensing; RF, Random Forest; RMSD, Root Mean Square Deviation; RMSE, Root Mean Square Error; RNNs, Recurrent Neural Networks; SDAE, Stacked Denoising Autoencoder; SHAP, Shapley Additive Explanations; SM2RAIN, Soil Moisture to Rainfall; SM2RAIN-BayesOpt, SM2RAIN Bayesian Optimization; SMAP, Soil Moisture Active Passive; SMART, Soil Moisture Analysis Rainfall Tool; SMOS, Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity; SMOTE, Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique; SPPs, Satellite Precipitation Products; SRF-DC, Spatial Random-Forest Downscaling- Calibration; SRTM, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission; SVD, Singular Value Decomposition; SVM, Support Vector Machine; SWAT, Soil and Water Assessment Tool; SWIM-G, Soil and Water Integrated Model–Glacier Dynamics; Tbb, Cloud-top Blackbody Temperature; TL, Transfer Learning; TMPA, TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis; TRMM, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission; W-ELM, Wavelet-based Extreme Learning Machine; WRF, Weather Research and Forecasting; XAI, Explainable Artificial Intelligence; XGBoost, Extreme Gradient Boosting; masl, Meters Above Sea Level.