Exploring the role of the metaverse in the development of the space economy in developing countries: functionalities and structural challenges

Abstract

The metaverse, as an immersive and interactive virtual environment, is increasingly transforming traditional spatial economies by leveraging advancements in technology, economics, culture, and society. As a transformative digital platform, it presents unprecedented opportunities for economic expansion, global market integration, and the reduction of spatial barriers. Nevertheless, its adoption also introduces challenges, including the digital divide and the potential weakening of local economic structures. This study adopts a multidisciplinary approach to examine the role of the metaverse in shaping the spatial economy of developing countries, focusing on its potential to address regional disparities through a case study. The findings reveal that the metaverse holds significant promise for redefining the spatial economic landscape of developing nations across multiple dimensions. Technological factors such as infrastructure development and standardization are identified as critical enablers. Economically, the metaverse fosters the emergence of new markets, attracts investment, and creates employment opportunities. However, persistent challenges—including economic inequality, the volatility of virtual markets, and the ongoing digital divide—necessitate strategic interventions and informed policymaking. To fully realize the benefits of the metaverse for sustainable spatial development in developing countries, a comprehensive and integrated approach is essential—one that aligns technological progress with human, economic, social, and regional cultural objectives.