This reference text introduces advanced topics in the field of reliability engineering, introduces statistical modeling techniques, and probabilistic methods for diverse applications. It comprehensively covers important topics including consecutive-type reliability systems, coherent structures, multi-scale statistical modeling, the performance of reliability structures, big data analytics, prognostics, and health management. It covers real-life applications including optimization of telecommunication networks, complex infrared detecting systems, oil pipeline systems, and vacuum systems in accelerators or spacecraft relay stations. The text will serve as an ideal reference book for graduate students and academic researchers in the fields of industrial engineering, manufacturing science, mathematics, and statistics.