Examination of the chemical profile of methanolic extract of Agaricus bisporus wild edible mushroom, Zarnagh region (East Azerbaijan province, Iran)

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the chemical, physicochemical, and antibacterial properties of Agaricus bisporus collected from the Zarnagh region (province of East Azerbaijan, northwestern Iran), to enhance health quality, and economic exploitation in pharmaceutics, food, and agriculture industries. The methanol extracts of Agaricus bisporus mushroom (maceration extraction method), was screened for chemicals properties. Research Method: All chemicals were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Fruiting bodies of wild edible mushrooms (A. bisporus) were collected from the Z. region. The methanolic extracts were evaluated by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to the ultraviolet detector analysis. The antibacterial activities were carried out by using three bacteria. Findings: The results of chemical and nutritional factors include crude protein (46.62 ± 0.19 g/100g), crude fat (10.59 ± 0.13 g/100g), fiber (17.76 ± 0.32 g/100g), carbohydrate (1.56 ± 0.27 g/100g) and total energy (288.3 ± 2.61 Kcal). Potassium, iron, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and copper in considerable quantities were found in the wild edible mushroom from the Z. region. The eight compounds were identified in the crude methanolic extract by GC-MS analysis. Rutin, myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol identified by HPLC-UV analysis. The highest inhibitory activity was noticed against E. coli (PTCC 1399) with 22±0.2 mm (diameter of inhibition zone) for methanol extract. Limitations: There was no significant limitation to the report. Originality/Value: Briefly, there is no much information about the chemical profile of wild mushrooms of Iran, and this work is the first study on the chemical and antibacterial properties of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms.