Architectural design of anode materials for superior alkali‑ion (Li/ Na/K) batteries storage

Abstract

Developing high-performance anode materials remains a signifcant challenge for clean energy storage systems. Herein, we investigated the (MXene/MoSe2@C) heterostructure hybrid nanostructure as a superior anode material for application in lithium, sodium, and potassium ion batteries (LIBs, SIBs, and PIBs). Moreover, the anode structure’s stability was examined via the open-source Large-scale atomic/molecular massively Parallel Simulator code. Our results indicated that the migration of SIBs toward the anode material is signifcantly greater than other ions during charge and discharge cycles. Therefore, SIBs systems can be competitive with PIBs and LIBs systems. In addition, the average values of the potential energies for the anode materials/ions complexes are about ~ − 713.65, ~ − 2030.41, and~ − 912.36 kcal ­mol−1 in systems LIBs, SIBs, and PIBs, respectively. This study provides a rational design strategy to develop high-performance anode materials in SIBs/ PIBs/LIBs systems, which can be developed for other transition metal chalcogenide-based composites as a superior anode of alkali metal ion battery storage systems.