The role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in improving ecosystem services: A review of recent research

Abstract

Numerous studies have been conducted on ecosystem services and artificial intelligence. This study aims to review the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in enhancing ecosystem services. The article uses reputable journals, including Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and Magiran. Results demonstrate that AI, through its ability to process remote sensing, social media, and field data, enables more accurate modeling, identification of hidden patterns, and prediction of spatiotemporal trends in ecosystem services. These technologies play a critical role in detecting ecosystem services and improving sustainable natural resource management. However, challenges such as data quality, data accessibility, model interpretability, lack of result reproducibility, the need for interdisciplinary approaches, and ethical and social concerns remain. Overall, despite current limitations, AI has opened novel horizons for comprehensive analysis, informed decision-making, and sustainable management of ecosystem services .