Palladium Nanoparticles-Decorated β-Cyclodextrin–Cyanoguanidine Modified Graphene Oxide : A Heterogeneous Nanocatalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling and Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol Reactions in Aqueous Media

Abstract

In this study, graphene oxide used as a stable support to adsorb and stabilize palladium nanoparticles for preparing a heterogeneous nanocatalyst. In order to increase the palladium adsorption, the surface of graphene oxide was functionalized with β-Cyclodextrin and cyanoguanidine compounds. The prepared nanocatalyst was defined by various characterization techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TEM, SEM–EDX, ICP and UV–Vis. The catalytic efficiency of the synthesized organic–inorganic nanocomposite investigated by focusing on the Suzuki–Miyaura binding reaction and reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, which the nanocatalyst work is easy, affordable, and environmentally safe. The performed reaction showed high yields of biphenyl compounds through the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction and confirms very good conversion of 4-nitrophenol to its reduced form. Also, the proposed nanocatalyst presented significant catalytic efficiency (yield: 98% to 91%) after using five times.