Investigation on Recognition of the Type of Multifunctional Landscape in Persian Garden (Case Study: Akbariyeh World Heritage Garden)

Abstract

6Autumn 2020No. 52Received: 2020/08/02 Accepted: 2020/09/05 Available online: 2020/09/22MANZAR, 12(52), 6-17 / Autumn 2020 DOI: 10.22034/manzar.2020.241872.2076Investigation on Recognition of the Type of Multifunctional Landscape in Persian Garden(Case Study: Akbariyeh World Heritage Garden)*Saman Farzin** Assistant Professor, Faculty of Art, University of Birjand, Iran.Seyed Mohammad Reza Khalilnezhad Assistant Professor, Faculty of Art, University of Birjand, Iran.Saeeideh Moradzadeh MirzaeiM.A. in Archeology, Faculty of Art, University of Birjand, Iran.Ali Zarei Assistant Professor, Faculty of Art, University of Birjand, Iran.Abstract | Multifunctionality is a strategy for developing healthy, biodiversity-friendly, and sustainable productive urban and rural landscapes that have recently attracted the attention of researchers. Multifunctional landscapes simultaneously provide food security, livelihood opportunities, maintain of species and ecological functions, and fulfill cultural, aesthetic recreational needs. The traditional gardens and landscapes usually recognized as multifunctional open spaces. While in Iran, the Persian garden encompassed a wide variety of functions including recreational, productive, habitat, and cultural services, the landscape multifunctionality of the historical gardens has not yet been investigated. In response to this gap, the authors selected the Akbariyeh World Heritage Garden, one ofthe most significant Persian gardens in the East of Iran, to investigate the features of the multifunctional landscape in this garden. Accordingly, the main question of the research is whether Akbariyeh garden, as a prototype of the traditional historical garden, encompasses a multifunctional landscape? What are the characteristics of the multifunctional landscape in Akbariyeh garden and in which category of multifunctionality is it classified? The research was benefited from the field studies, historical documents, and interviews with experts, as well as holding a discussion group in February 2020. The researchers used the data from the field studies, historical documents, and interviews with experts, as well as holding a discussion group in February 2020.The results of this study show that Akbariyeh garden can be recognized as a traditional multifunctional landscape. Furthermore, among three main models of landscape multifunctionality (mosaic, weighted, and radical), Akbariyeh garden embraced the weighted multifunctional landscape model (integration several homogeneous functions in the spatial unit