Exercise training modulates the gut-liver-brain axis: implications for metabolic disease management

چکیده مقاله

Introduction: Exercise training has emerged as a pivotal modulator of the gut-liver-brain axis, a critical network influencing metabolic health. This axis plays a significant role in conditions such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes. Understanding how exercise training affects this axis is crucial for developing non-pharmacological interventions for metabolic disorders. Method: This review draws upon recent studies examining the impact of exercise training on the gut-liver-brain axis. Key areas of focus include the effects of exercise training on gut microbiota diversity, bile acid signaling, liver fat accumulation, and type 2 diabetes. Mechanistic insights involve the modulation of gut hormones, microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, and neural pathways like the vagus nerve. Results: Exercise training enhances gut microbiota diversity, improving metabolic capacity and reducing inflammation. In addition, regular exercise influences bile acid signaling and reduces liver fat accumulation, offering benefits for conditions like NAFLD. The results show that high intensity exercise training may boost gut microbial diversity. Furthermore, regular exercise can lower NAFLD risk. This article demonstrates the positive role of exercise training in managing metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and NAFLD by improving gut microbiota, liver function, and cognitive health. Conclusion: The findings underscore the therapeutic potential of exercise training in managing metabolic disorders. The results highlight the importance of regular exercise training in preventing and treating metabolic diseases, offering actionable insights for clinicians and exercise physiologists. However, the precise mechanisms require further elucidation. Long-term studies are needed to determine the optimal type and dose of exercise based on individual metabolic phenotypes.