Interaction between Exercise, Diet, and Gut Microbiota: Promising Approach for Weight Management

چکیده مقاله

Many viruses, bacteria, and unicellular eukaryotes are called the microbiota that inhabit the human body. The interaction between gut hormones and gut microbiota has been greatly considered in gut-brain cross-talk. It has been shown that obesity is associated with gut microbial dysbiosis, and many studies regarding weight loss interventions have investigated the relationship between obesity and gut microbiota. How the microbiota effects on body composition to be understood through its actions on metabolic pathways in adipose tissue and liver, diet energy, and hormone signaling in the gut. Microbiota of the gut is highly individualized and involved with the quality and quantity of nutrients extracted from diets, with direct implications for obesity. On the other hand, regular exercise and diet have been used as therapeutic strategies against obesity, impacting the gut microbiota profile. Many studies have reported that exercise training has positive effects on the diversity and composition of the microbiota, but moderate and intense exercise exert different effects on the gut microbiota composition and should be monitored the balance between training load and intensity and microbiota composition in a more integrated manner for healthy weight loss. Also, dietary strategies such as high-protein diet, ketogenic diet, and energy deficiency for overweight and obesity treatments play a crucial role in different ways on the gut microbiota and thus influence host body weight. Therefore, in choosing weight loss methods, one should take care not to harm the diversity and composition of the microbiota, which will eventually lead to further weight gain and disrupt the health of the host body. These findings might provide new hints in weight loss strategies and change the landscape of exercise and diet interventions for weight management in the near future.